![]() ![]() One final point to remember: if you’re working on a tattoo project for commercial use, make sure you’re using a free font or you’ve paid the fee involved. It’s also important to discuss the font with your tattoo artist, to ensure the font and the ink will work well together. ![]() You might think you’ve nailed it with a handwriting font, for instance, but once that’s applied to skin it might not flow exactly as it does on paper or on screen. Picking the wrong font can throw the whole vibe off. Just because you like how a font looks, doesn’t mean your message will look good in that font. When choosing a font, consider what the message says, how long it is, and what mood you want to elicit with your lettering tattoo. It’s also the fun part where you get to personalize your tattoo in your own way. But again, always be sure to check the meaning matches your intentions.Ĭhoosing the best tattoo font is a critical decision in the tattoo design process. You can even include glyphs or numerals, if you fancy something a little more esoteric in tone. You never know how much context and nuance might matter. If you choose to get a lettering tattoo in another language, be sure to confirm the content and spelling from native speakers of that language. Whether it’s the name of a loved one or a famous quote, you should make a conscious, well-thought-out decision about what exactly you’re inking on your body. In most cases, you want others to see your design and understand what they are looking at. The contents of your tattoo are also crucial. Make sure to check, double-check, triple-check, and have another set of eyes take a look before you permanently tattoo a mistake and it’s too late. When it comes to getting a permanent lettering tattoo, there is nothing worse than a misspelling or incorrect grammar. So, what exactly should you consider when getting a lettering tattoo?Ĭorrect spelling and grammar are arguably the most essential things to ensure when getting inked. When done properly, they can be beautiful in design and message. Whether it’s a name, date, or a sentimental word (or phrase), lettering tattoos allow you to display your message in a bold, direct way. Lettering tattoos are a hugely popular choice when it comes to tattoo designs. It is a tattoo design that uses uppercase or lowercase letters and numbers. A lettering tattoo means exactly what it sounds like. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The formula for a Rotation Calculator involves using a rotation matrix to determine the new coordinates of a point after it has been rotated by a certain angle around the origin. NewX = x * cosθ + y * sinθ (for clockwise rotation) newX = x * cosθ – y * sinθ (for counterclockwise rotation) newY = x * sinθ – y * cosθ (for both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations) What is the formula for Rotation Calculator? To apply the rotation matrix to a point (x, y), we multiply the matrix by the column vector (x, y) and get the new coordinates (newX, newY): Where θ is the angle of rotation in radians. The rotation matrix for a counterclockwise rotation is: The rotation matrix for a clockwise rotation is: In order to rotate, we use a rotation matrix that takes into account the angle of rotation and the direction of rotation. With the Rotation Calculator, you can calculate the new coordinates of a point after rotating it, given the original coordinates, angle of rotation, and unit of angle. Try our Physics Calculator collection here.
![]() ![]() If you're not lawfully present in the U.S., Medicare won't pay for your Part A and Part B claims, and you can't join a Medicare Advantage Plan or a Medicare drug plan. Covered items or services you get from an opt-out doctor or other provider (except in the case of an emergency or urgent need)įind out if Medicare covers a test, item, or service you need.Concierge care (also called concierge medicine, retainer-based medicine, boutique medicine, platinum practice, or direct care).Hearing aids and exams for fitting them.Some of the items and services Medicare doesn't cover include: Medicare Advantage Plans and Medicare Cost Plans may cover some extra benefits, like fitness programs and vision, hearing, and dental services. However, Medicare Part A will cover the cost of your stay and costs related to medically necessary surgery.Medicare doesn't cover everything. If you need services Part A or Part B doesn't cover, you'll have to pay for them yourself unless: For example, some of the doctors or specialists who see you in the hospital may be reimbursed through Medicare Part B. It’s possible that you could be an inpatient in the hospital and have both Medicare Part A and Part B pay for aspects of your stay. Once you meet your deductible for Medicare Part B, you will usually pay 20 percent of a Medicare-approved service amount while Medicare will pay the remaining 80 percent. Medicare Parts A, B, C and D Differentiating Medicare parts A, B, C and D from one another can be confusing for many consumers. This can include paying for a hospital room, meals and nursing care. Part A helps pay for hospital and facility costs. It’s run by the federal government through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and its made up of two parts, Part A and Part B. If you do not sign up for Medicare Part B in your enrollment period (usually right around when you turn age 65), you may have to pay a late enrollment penalty on a monthly basis. Original Medicare is a public health insurance program. ![]() If you receive benefits from Social Security, the Railroad Retirement Board, or the Office of Personnel Management, these organizations will deduct the Medicare deductible before sending you your benefits. However, if you make $500,000 or more as an individual or more than $750,000 as a couple filing jointly, you will pay $578.30 per month for your Part B premium in 2022. If you enrolled in Medicare during the open enrollment period and your income did not exceed $91,000 in 2020, you’ll pay $170.10 a month for your Medicare Part B premium in 2022. The cost for Part B depends on when you enrolled in Medicare and your income level. Those who have legally and permanently resided in the United States for at least 5 years in a row can also qualify for Medicare Part B. Some people also call it “medical insurance.” Eligibilityįor Medicare Part B eligibility, you must be age 65 or older and a U.S. Medicare Part B covers doctors’ visits, outpatient therapy, durable medical equipment, and, in some cases, prescription medications. In addition to the premium costs (which are $0 for many people), there are other costs in terms of a deductible (what you must pay before Medicare pays) and coinsurance (you pay a portion and Medicare pays a portion). Even if you didn’t work for 40 quarters, you can still pay a monthly premium for Medicare Part A. This is true if you or your spouse worked for at least 40 quarters (approximately 10 years) paying Medicare taxes. Most people who qualify for Medicare do not pay for Part A. Whether or not you receive Part A without a premium depends on your ( or your spouse’s) work history. have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease.have a disability as determined by a doctor and receive Social Security benefits for at least 24 months. ![]() Eligibilityįor Medicare Part A eligibility, you must meet one of the following criteria: ![]() ![]() Still, we recommend you consult your registered dietician or a nutritionist before following any diet for diabetes.Vegetable sandwiches (100% whole wheat bread)ĭalia porridge, (with 1% fat milk,no sugar) While the above diet chart for diabetic patients will effectively manage your blood glucose levels, you must consult a nutritionist before following any diet plan for yourself.ĭisclaimer: The information given in this article is true to our best knowledge. A registered dietician or a nutritionist can guide you better and develop a type 2 diabetes food chart depending on your blood sugar records and preferences. Sticking to a low-carb and high-fibre diet plan can help you reduce the chronic effects of diabetes and help you lose weight. ½ glass Low-fat milk/ lactose-free milk/almond milk Vegetable quinoa with tea/coffee without sugarġ cup brown rice vegetable khichdi with ½ cup curd and ½ cucumber and onion saladĢ multigrain roti with palak/methi/saag and salad ½ glass Low-fat milk/ lactose-free milk/almond milk 7. Saturday mealsĢ ragi idlis with tomato chutney and 1 glass of buttermilkĢ multigrain roti with ½ cup daal, ½ cup karela ,1/2 cup curd and ½ cucumber saladġ cup brown rice with 1 cup rajma and mixed salad ½ glass of Low-fat milk/ lactose-free milk/almond milk 6. Friday mealsĢ multigrain bread pieces with an omelette or 2 boiled eggs and green teaĢ paneer paratha with 1 cup raita and cucumber, onion saladġ cup brown rice with paneer/chicken curry and mixed salad ½ glass of low-fat milk/ lactose-free milk/almond milk 5. Thursday mealsġ cup brown rice pulao with raita, ½ cup curd and ½ cup cucumber and beetroot saladĪ handful of roasted chana with tea/coffee without sugarĢ millet roti with any seasonal vegetable and mixed salad ½ glass of Low-fat milk/ lactose-free milk/almond milk 4. ½ glass of Low-fat milk/ lactose-free milk/almond milk 3. Wednesday mealsĢ dal chilla with green chutney and green teaĢ millet roti with palak/methi, 1 bowl raita and ½ cup cucumber and carrot saladġ cup brown rice with soya gravy and 1 cup salad Palak patta chaat with tea/coffee without sugarĢ multigrain roti with 1 cup daal /chicken curry Tuesday mealsġ bowl of sprouts and 1 glass of buttermilk ½ glass of Low-fat milk/ lactose-free milk/almond milk 2. ![]() Mixed nuts with tea or coffee without sugarĢ multigrain rotis with any seasonal vegetable and ½ cup mixed salad Monday mealsġ cup brown rice with 1 cup daal /chicken curry Here is a diet chart for diabetic patients with Indian food options that you can easily follow for a week: 1. ![]() Tracking your blood glucose levels with glucometers to check the desired result.Planning your meals for the next day/ week.Dividing these portions in an entire day.An appropriate portion of carbs, proteins, and fats to meet daily dietary goals.Here are the four essential tips to come up with a diabetic diet plan chart: This calorie count not only manages diabetes but also works to prevent pre-diabetes risk. Most often, people with diabetes are recommended a calorie intake of 1500-1800 daily. Besides, it’s recommended to include foods with a low glycemic index (GI), which digest slowly, control the blood sugar spike and keep your appetite in control. However, a few alterations in lifestyle and adapting eating habits can help you get control over your blood glucose levels.Ī healthy diet for diabetes includes a controlled portion and good quality complex carbs, lean proteins, healthy fats, fibres, and vitamins. While type 2 diabetes is milder, the pancreas produces some insulin that is insufficient to control your blood sugar level.ĭietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are the major factors contributing to type 2 diabetes. ![]() The former is more prevalent among children, and the pancreas cannot produce any insulin in this condition. Diabetes is of two types– type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a progressive disease marked by increased thirst, excessive urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and unusual weight loss. ![]() ![]() I can’t imagine how hard it was to film pigs, but seeing them everywhere was pretty cool. She is brutal and kills everyone-and everything-in her path. She becomes this force, superhuman, that can’t be stopped. I also thought it was a good idea to show the Piglady mostly from the neck down. One interesting tidbit about this film is that it was mostly filmed on the property alongside Susan Monica’s farm. Truth is often stranger than fiction, and there are so many messed up stories out there. I love that Piglady took a gruesome true story and twisted it up into a slasher nightmare. They’ve decided to stay at Hunter’s dad’s cabin in Oregon, but when the Piglady meets them and finds out who they are, the shit hits the fan. Along with them are Tony (Qatkins) and Adrianna (Davis), friends of Brittany’s. The film’s plot follows said son, Hunter (Fair), an angry, gun-toting alpha male dating Brittany (Karami) who, unbeknownst to him, is actually pregnant. In Piglady, a hulking, intimidating pig farmer living on her own is confronted with the son of the man who has been trying to buy her property and seeks revenge. She ended up getting convicted and is now serving 2 consecutive 25-year sentences for her crimes. Strangely enough, after I watched this screener, I happened upon an episode of Signs of a Psychopath where psychiatrists analyzed Monica’s video confession. She wasn’t clear how Steve Delicino actually died, but he was definitely eaten. Supposedly she shot him to put him out of his misery. She did admit that the second guy, Robert Haney, was still alive when the pigs started eating him. It’s not clear if she made them a piggy breakfast to get rid of the bodies or if it was because her pigs were hungry. Back in 2014, an Oregonian pig farmer named Susan Monica was found to have murdered two men-handymen who worked on her farm-and fed them to her pigs. The film comes to us through Preacher Boys Productions.Īs I mentioned above, Piglady is inspired by true events. ![]() DB Cooper 2014), Lazarus Tate ( Stage Fright TV series), Shyvhan Storm (as Shyvhan Gonzales: Soul Ties 2022), Geno Romo ( Millionaire Man 2017), and newcomer Sandra Dee Tryon as Piglady. Other cast members include Karri Davis ( Chasing Molly 2019), Alicia Karami ( Once Upon A Time… In Hollywood 2019), Liam Samuel Watkins ( Bigfoot vs. Fair and Johnson also star as Hunter and Caleb Jones, respectively. Piglady was directed by Adam Fair ( Son of a Preacher 2019) from a script co-written by Fair and Producer Alex C. A group of friends, while on a Christmas vacation to a cabin in Southern Oregon, learn of a rumor of an antisocial woman who allegedly murders people and feeds her victims to pigs. The film is based on true events, inspired by the Susan Monica murders that took place in Oregon in 20, where a woman fed her murdered farmhands to her pigs. This also includes other members of the community, no doxing.Piglady is a 2023 slasher film from filmmakers Adam Fair and Lyon Mitchell. Sharing addresses, or full names, or any other potentially identifying information about the MFM team is not allowed, posts/comments will be deleted and a ban may be applied. If you want to share an article that has a graphic photo in it's post, use a link instead and include a graphic photo warning (NSFL).įan-made wares and merchandise can only be advertised in the weekly "Showcase Saturday" threads, or can be added to our wiki by messaging the mods. We're all here to talk true crime, not look at it. Be kind and respectful towards your fellow murderinos. ![]() No talking shit about this podcast, or other podcasts. This is a subreddit for the My Favorite Murder podcast, it's fans and people who love true crime. ![]() ![]() ![]() Pitch Grid - faster drawing of the labels.When editing note pitch as you drag below C the wrong octave is displayed.Transitions between notes are now draw as continuous lines.Pencil Tool - After drawing note average value is recalculated.Initial Pitch and level values displayed in Warp and APT.Cursor not changing if the track is locked.Pressing the Alt key with the mouse presses sets the default value. Default values displayed on control sliders.Flat Line Audio mode - If you zoom out on Y scale at the last position the audio is replaced with a line.Modified Revoice Pro logo on main screen and plug-ins.Modified colours for pop-up sliders and playback areas.Adding ARA plug-in to a track in Reaper while playing, plug-in is not fully initialized until you stop playing in Reaper.If you have more that 2000 ARA plug-ins an a DAW, Revoice Pro may run out of file handles.(All except Audiosuite in Pro Tools 10 and earlier) Plug-ins can start the Revoice Pro application.This is a detailed list of the changes in Revoice Pro 4 from Revoice Pro 3.3 Audio master output clipping indicator on time axis.Instructions and tutorial sessions accessible from within Revoice Pro.Music mode Fit and Tuning Strength automation.Vertical scaling and scrolling APT Process Play Guide, Dub and Aligned options for all group members.Adjusting one grouped parameter updates all processes.Improvements to Vibrato warp point display and control.Correct selected notes (W when pitch is selected).Smooth join between all notes (Shift + Alt + W when pitch is selected).Select and correct all notes (Alt + W when pitch is selected).Create warp (W - when audio is selected). ![]() Automatic track creation for process outputs.It does what is usually a very tedious job and it does it quickly and easily.What's new in Revoice Pro 4.1 Track Management If you work with vocals, record instruments, or are in post-production, Synchro Arts’ VocAlign Project 5 is a no-brainer. If you want to fine-tune things like vibrato and transients, or need control over warping, you’ll want to move up to a higher tier, either VocAlign Ultra or Revoice Pro 4. Project 5 is the entry version and retails for £109, although it was on sale for £73 at the time this review was published. The only real competition to VocAlign Project 5 is the other VocAlign packages. In fact, Synchro Arts has won an Emmy and an award from the Academy (the folks that give out the Oscars) for just this reason. It could also be useful in film and television post-production for syncing and replacing dialogue, as well as lining up sound effects. Although we used it with vocals, it’s easy to see how this could apply to any number of situations, such as when multitracking instruments. We were pleasantly surprised at how easy it was to get usable results quickly. Note that the vocals are completely dry with only VocAlign affecting them. Let’s see how it works on a vocal project with a lead plus backgrounds and harmonies, first in standard form and then as an ARA plugin. Not all DAWs support ARA, which means that it functions a little differently in each host program. The ARA version allows for instantaneous audio capture across multiple tracks while the standard one requires real-time capture on a per-track basis. There are two different versions of VocAlign Project 5, the standard and the ARA version. There are also a few presets to help you get started. Lastly, there’s SmartAlign, an intelligent function that helps match Guide and Dub tracks when their starting points are far apart. There’s Alignment Rule, which tells the algorithm how much time stretching and/or time compression you want it to use Max Shift, for when you’re working with a lot of gaps in the material and Dub Pitch Range, for fine-tuning the accuracy of the editing process (for example when working with audio that is particularly high- or low-pitched). First is Max Difference, which is a knob that controls how loosely or tightly the Dub follows the Guide. On the right are manual controls to adjust the changes that the plugin has made. The display tells you how much change has been applied as well as time alignment and other factors. ![]() ![]() ![]() We found the perfect virtual Secret Santa Zoom background!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 24. Twinkling LightsĪ simple background that will work just as well for your virtual new year celebration too!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 23. You can also use this Christmas Zoom background as holiday decor inspiration!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 22. If you have children, this magical Santa Zoom background is for you!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 21. Try this red, white, and green Christmas Zoom background this year!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 20. Sometimes a soft, abstract Christmas-themed Zoom background is the way to go.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 19. Try it out!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 18. So I use virtual Christmas tree wallpaper as my desktop background to compensate. If I could have a Christmas tree in every room of my house, I would. Christmas LanternĪ beautiful, wintery Zoom background with Christmas colors and pine.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 17. Featuring a romantic gazebo decorated in lights, this will give you all the holiday feels.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 16. Put yourself in a snowy village setting you'd expect to see in a Hallmark Christmas movie. Pro tip: Check out these 13 Virtual Holiday Party Ideas For Your Office Celebrationĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 15. Here's a funny Christmas Zoom background if you plan to have an ugly Christmas sweater competition as one of your online activities-perfect for an office holiday party. Snowflakes, presents, and twinkling lights? Looks like a great Christmas Zoom background to me!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 14. How cute is the virtual Christmas pattern? Use it as a festive Zoom background or a holiday desktop background!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 13. Snowy WoodsĮnjoy the powdery snow from home with this beautiful winter wallpaper.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 12. This simple, festive Zoom background is perfect for your virtual Christmas hangout.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 11. Use this sparkly Christmas tree background as decor for your home office over the holidays.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 10. Cute Christmas GiftsĪnother great Christmas-themed Zoom background for anyone hosting a virtual Secret Santa!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 9. ![]() Snowy TreesĪ beautiful, snowy Zoom background for anyone who prefers to enjoy the outdoors from inside.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 8. You can keep this sparkly Christmas Zoom background up into the new year too.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 7. If you're hosting a virtual secret Santa this Christmas, use this festive Zoom background for your unboxing call! Y ou could even hire a Santa to MC your gift exchange.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 6. This majestic reindeer background makes you realize why we love these creatures so much, huh?ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 5. SantaĪ fun Santa Zoom background to feature during your next family holiday video chat!ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 4. Show off your Christmas spirit with this snowy Zoom background.ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 3. I mean, who wouldn't want to look at this sweet face all December?ĭownload 756 X 1008 Mobile Background 2. Here's a cute Christmas Zoom background (or mobile wallpaper!) for all you doggo lovers out there. ![]() ![]() These work as Google Meet Virtual Backgrounds, too! You're welcome! Here are the best Christmas Zoom backgrounds for your virtual festivities: 1. The links hold the high-resolution image for your Christmas Zoom background. Pro Tip: Make sure to click on one of the download image links BELOW the image (1920 x 1080 for desktop or 756 x 1008 for mobile). 23 Talented Vendors that Offer Virtual Party Services.56 Creative Christmas Party Ideas and Themes for Your 2023 Festivities.Download as many as you'd like, because like we said before, they are free! Whether you use these cute images as festive Zoom backgrounds, holiday desktop wallpaper, or funny Christmas backgrounds for your phone, go for it. If there's one thing we can help you with (aside from hiring virtual party entertainment such as a Santa, Christmas carolers or musicians for your online holiday party), it's making sure that even your laptop is decorated with Christmas cheer. Are you attending a virtual Christmas party on Zoom this year? Along with pulling out your ugly Christmas sweater and making holiday food and drinks, decorate digitally with one of our free Christmas Zoom backgrounds ! ![]() ![]() ![]() (2005) revealed the strongest winds were associated with MVs. 2004) and detailed radar analyses and damage surveys performed by Atkins et al. This case was observed by the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex (MCV) Experiment (BAMEX Davis et al. This was true in a severe bow echo that occurred near Saint Louis, Missouri, on 10 June 2003. However, the strongest straight-line wind damage may not be directly associated with the RIJ itself, but with low-level MVs along the bow echo, sometimes away from the bow apex. Additionally, the RIJ strength had been found to be sensitive to ice microphysical processes as well as the environmental humidity ( Yang and Houze 1995 Mahoney and Lackmann 2011). Various factors have been implicated in the development of RIJs, such as the hydrostatically induced midlevel pressure minimum behind the leading convective updrafts ( Lafore and Moncrieff 1989), horizontal buoyancy gradients related to the upshear-tilting convective circulation ( Weisman 1992, 1993), and bookend (or line-end) vortices ( Skamarock et al. The production of damaging winds within QLCSs has long been linked to the descent to the surface of a rear-inflow jet (RIJ) at the bow apex ( Fujita 1978, 1979). Moreover, bow-echo MVs have been observed to spawn tornadoes ( Forbes and Wakimoto 1983 Przybylinski 1995). Recently, MVs have received increasing attention, owing to their propensity to produce damaging straight-line winds near the surface ( Weisman and Trapp 2003 Atkins et al. Low-level, meso- γ-scale mesovortices (MVs) are frequently observed at the leading edge of quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) like squall lines and bow echoes (e.g., Funk et al. The locally enhanced descent of the rear-inflow jet near the mesovortex is forced primarily by the dynamically induced downward vertical pressure gradient force while the buoyancy force only plays a minor role there. These high winds are mainly caused by the descent of the rear-inflow jet at the bow apex, but the MV-induced vortical flow also has a considerable contribution. Moreover, the model results show that these bow-apex MVs are accompanied with damaging straight-line winds near the surface. ![]() MVs located at (or near) the bow apex are found to persist for a notably longer lifetime than the other MVs. Vortex mergers occur between MVs during their forward movement, which causes redevelopment of some MVs in the decaying stage of the bow echo. MVs that develop on the southern bow tend to be weaker and shorter-lived than their northern counterparts. Both the observed and simulated bow-echo MVs predominantly form north of the bow apex. Significant MVs are detected from the radar radial velocity using a linear least squares derivatives (LLSD) method, and from the model simulation based on calculated vorticity. The genesis of near-surface high winds within the system is also investigated. Emphasis is placed on documenting the existence, evolution, and characteristics of low-level mesovortices (MVs) that form along the leading edge of the bowing system. A derecho-producing bow-echo event over the central United States on is analyzed based on radar observations and a successful real-data WRF simulation at 0.8-km grid spacing. ![]() ![]() ![]() Here are some alternative elements you can include, too: If there are some elements that you don't have from the aforementioned list. Tip: Include a portfolio or blog relevant to the job or experience you're applying for, if you have one. Contact information (name, address, email, relevant social media).When creating your resume, don't forget to include these sections: It shows hiring managers, colleges and recruiters that, even though you're a student, you're respectable and looking to advance yourself. The way you format and style your resume can say a lot about you. Format and style your resume like a professional, even if you're a high school student Here are the 8 steps we are going to be covering:ġ. This guide is here to help you get your resume ready for any opportunity that may present itself to you during your educational years. In order to be able to get any of the aforementioned opportunities, it is important for you to have a resume, even if you have little to no experience in the working field. Here are some opportunities you can get as a student: Not to mention, colleges may be interested in viewing your resume, too. While you are a student, there are plenty of opportunities for you to add skills to your experience and even test out different job opportunities to see what bests suits you and your wants and needs. Whether you've just started high school or you're nearing graduation, it's important to have a student resume and keep it updated. ![]() ![]() ![]() It is frequently co-morbid with atlanto-axial joint instability, Chiari malformation, or tethered spinal cord syndrome. The condition can cause neural injury and compression of nearby structures, including the brain stem, spinal cord, vagus nerve, and vertebral artery, resulting in a constellation of symptoms.Ĭraniocervical instability is more common in people with a connective tissue disease, including Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, osteogenesis imperfecta, and rheumatoid arthritis. They are considered less severe and often managed conservatively 1.Medical condition affecting the cervical spineĬraniocervical instability ( CCI) is a medical condition characterized by excessive movement of the vertebra at the atlanto-occipital joint and the atlanto-axial joint located between the skull and the top two vertebra, known as C1 and C2. C2), and have no associated posterior translocation of the posterior vertebral body. A similar-appearing anteroinferior fracture fragment may occur in extension teardrop fracture however, the extension fractures more commonly occur in the upper cervical spine (e.g. The "teardrop" fracture appearance is non-specific. Although milder cord injuries may be asymptomatic or have few neurological sequelae, injury with posterior column translocation, in particular, is associated with paralysis and quadriplegia 1. The long-term prognosis of this injury mostly depends on the degree of neurological injury. Due to the associated injury of both osseous and ligamentous structures, this fracture is usually unstable with almost all patients requiring decompression and internal fixation. The treatment and prognosis of flexion teardrop fractures are variable and depends on the degree of injury. NB: the interspinous interval may be normal or even decreased following traction-immobilization.evidence of posterior ligamentous rupture.retropulsion of bone fragments which narrow spinal canal.strongly correlates with degree of neurological injury 1,2.degree of posterior translocation of lower vs upper spinal column at the level of injury.The following should receive comment, whether present or absent: Given the spectrum of injury that occurs with flexion teardrop fracture, it is less important to label the findings as "flexion teardrop" and more important to draw attention to clinically relevant information. additional spinal fractures at other levels.more common inferior to the posterior vertebral body fragment vs the anterior fragment.intervertebral disc space narrowing ( discoligamentous injury).anterior dislocation of the facet joints.abnormal spinal alignment: often less apparent if imaging occurs after traction is performed.vertebral body rotation with an AP diameter that appears smaller than on other levels.sagittal fracture through the vertebral body.loss of anterior height of the vertebral body.variable fracture of the vertebral body.posterior displacement of the posterior vertebral body relative to the intact inferior cervical columnĭepending on the fracture severity, additional findings may include:. ![]()
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